Agreement on Agriculture in TRIPs
The Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) is an international treaty of the World Trade Organization. It was negotiated during the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and […]
Trade related investment Measures (TRIMS)
The agreement on the Trade Related Investment measures (TRIMS) calls for introducing national treatment of foreign investment and removal of quantities restrictions. It identifies five investment measures which are inconsistent […]
Sources of WTO Laws, Basic rules and principles of WTO Law
The WTO is the product of an international agreement, and that agreement and the agreements annexed to it constitute the basic source of WTO law. The reports of panels and […]
Economic theories of free Trade
According to the World Bank global trade in goods (merchandise) amounted to roughly 19 trillion US $ (2016 US $) in exports and about the same sum in imports in […]
Comparative advantages Theory
Comparative advantage is an economic term that refers to an economy’s ability to produce goods and services at a lower opportunity cost than that of trade partners. A comparative advantage […]
Heckscher-Ohlin Theory
The Modern Theory of international trade has been advocated by Bertil Ohlin. Ohlin has drawn his ideas from Heckscher’s General Equilibrium Analysis. Hence it is also known as Heckscher Ohlin […]
Leontief Paradox Theory
In one of the most widely discussed tests of the factor proportions theory, Leontief attempted to reveal the relative factor proportions structure of U.S. participation in international trade. It was […]
Historical Background of WTO
The World Trade Organisation (WTO) has taken concrete shape in 1995 after successful operation of the General Agreements in Tariffs and Trade (GAIT) for around five decades. GATT again, had […]
New Trade Theory
New trade theory (NTT) suggests that a critical factor in determining international patterns of trade are the very substantial economies of scale and network effects that can occur in key industries. These […]
Evolution of GATT as trading institution and transition of GATT to WTO
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was a legal agreement between many countries, whose overall purpose was to promote international trade by reducing or eliminating trade barriers such as […]
Decision Making in the WTO
Beetham acknowledges that democratic institutions to a large extent exemplify democratic principles that require practical institutional form for their realisation. In order to determine whether the WTO is a democratic […]
Marrakesh Agreement, Origin of WTO, Mandate of WTO, Membership of WTO, Institutional structure of the WTO
The Marrakesh Agreement, manifested by the Marrakesh Declaration, was an agreement signed in Marrakesh, Morocco, by 123 nations on 15 April 1994, marking the culmination of the 8-year-long Uruguay Round […]
Other issues-status of WTO
The Uruguay Round (1986-94) saw a shift in North-South politics in the GATT-WTO system. Previously, developed and developing countries had tended to be in opposite groups, although even then there […]
Budget of WTO
The WTO Secretariat is located in Geneva. It has around 450 staff and is headed by its Director-General, Mr. Renato Ruggiero, and four deputy directors-general. Its responsibilities include the servicing […]
Principles of WTO Settlement
Agreements and National Policy Since the various agreements that constitute the WTO cover such a wide range of topics, dispute settlement panelists find that a number of subjects come under […]
Main challenges to the WTO dispute settlement system
An Overloaded System Over the past two decades, the WTO dispute settlement system, including the Appellate Body, has been remarkably active. Since its inception, 551 disputes have been initiated by […]
