Different type of Ships, Shipping Routes

Different type of Ships

1. Cargo Ships

Cargo ships are generally used to transport cargo safely from one place to another. They will have a ship with a multi-deck or single-deck hull. There are thousands of cargo ships on the move around the world, transporting good across the globe. They are crucial to international trade. Cargo ships can transport things such as food, petroleum, furniture, metals, clothes and machinery.

2. RoRo (Roll on Roll Off)

Most vehicles that are being transported over water internationally are done on a Roll on Roll off ship. The reason this ship is so popular to transport vehicles is that it’s safer and much faster to just drive a car onto the ship than using a crane. Once the cars are aboard, they are braced to the ship’s deck to keep them from moving around while the ship is at sea.

3. Tankers

Tankers are ships that primarily carry huge quantities of liquid. They can carry a wide range of liquids such as oil, water, wine and lots of different chemicals that need transporting. They come in lots of different sizes but some of the larger vessels have the capacity to carry several hundred thousand tons.

4. Passenger Ships

Passenger ships are officially defined as ships that carry more than 12 passengers. If you own a passenger ship then you will need to abide by strict safety regulations. There have been several disasters with passenger ships lately so the rules and regulations have been updated in a bid to try and improve safety. Passengers should be able to travel in a safe and comfortable environment. Passenger ships also include cruise and holiday ships.

5. Fishing Vessel

Fishing vessels are boats and ships designed to catch fish and marine wildlife. They are used for leisure purposes but also for commercial fishing. There are millions of fishing vessels being used to catch fish around the world. If you are considering working on a fishing vessel then it is important to know that they are very dangerous. According to the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) there are around 24,000 deaths on fishing vessels each year. All ships engaged in international voyages must install an ECDIS. Electronic chart display and information systems can help fisherman avoid bad weather and navigate through international seas.

6. High Speed Craft

High speed crafts are also sometimes called ‘fast ferries’. They are mainly designed for civilian use as passenger ferries. They also include hovercrafts, catamarans and hydrofoil boats. High speed crafts are able to go faster because they use air pressure and powerful turbine propellers.

Major world shipping lanes

Natural and manmade water routes benefit international trade by providing quick sailing times and an easier, cost-effective way to move goods. The eight routes below give a glimpse into some of the busiest and most popular shipping lanes for ocean cargo vessels.  

1. The English Channel

Known as the busiest shipping lane in the world, the English Channel separates England from France, and connects the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The channel is 350 miles long, 20-150 miles wide, and 150-400 feet deep. Approximately 500 ships travel the channel daily, making it a critical route in the European shipping network.

Located at the narrowest part of the English Channel is the Strait of Dover, which connects the Baltic and the North Sea. More than 400 vessels use this strait daily, carrying products like grain, minerals, steel and oil.

2. Strait of Malacca

The Malacca Strait is a narrow 550 miles and is the shortest route between the Pacific and Indian oceans. It links major Asian economies such as India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Japan, Taiwan and South Korea. The Strait of Malacca is the world’s second-busiest waterway, with more than 83,000 vessels traveling this route each year. In 2016, 16 million barrels of oil flowed through the strait daily, also making it a major oil chokepoint. Other goods transported through this strait include coal, palm oil, Indonesian coffee and liquefied natural gas.

3. Panama Canal

The Panama Canal is an artificial passageway designed to reduce transit times between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. It’s approximately 50 miles long, 10 miles wide and takes roughly 10 hours to travel (tolls are required). Before its completion in 1914, ships would sail around Cape Horn at the southern tip of South America — increasing voyages by 2,000 to 8,000 nautical miles (or about 2,300 to 9,200 miles), depending on origin and destination.

In 2016, the Panama Canal expansion opened to allow cargo ships carrying up to 14,000 TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent unit) to pass. Through a system of three locks (the Miraflores, the Pedro Miguel and the Gatun), ships raise to the level of Gatun Lake (85 feet above sea level) to travel back to the Pacific Ocean. More than 14,000 ships navigate the Panama Canal each year, carrying vegetable oil and fats, canned and refrigerated foods, chemicals and petroleum chemicals, lumber, machinery parts and grains.

4. Suez Canal

On November 17, 1869, the 120-mile manually constructed Suez Canal opened, creating the shortest maritime route between the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Without this route, vessels would have to travel around Africa’s Cape of Good Hope (transit times typically lasting 24 days compared to the canal’s 16 hours). Today, it’s considered one of the world’s most heavily used shipping lanes, with more than 100 vessels traversing it daily. In fact, 3.9 million oil barrels per day transited the Suez Canal in 2016; and in 2017, more than 900,000 tons of cargo traveled through. Top commodities transported are petroleum, coal, metals, wood, oilseeds, cement and fertilizers.  

Recent expansions allow vessels up to 66 feet in depth, 223 feet in height, 254 feet in width and 240,000 deadweight tons to pass through. The canal cannot regulate two-way traffic. Instead, ships travel in one northbound and two southbound convoys throughout a 24-hour period. There is one passing area in Ballah-Bypass near El Qantara in the Great Bitter Lake. The Suez Canal Authority of the Arab Republic of Egypt owns and operates the Suez Canal and does collect tolls.

5. Bosphorus Strait

The Turkish Strait of Bosphorus links the Black Sea to the Marmara Sea, ultimately connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. It forms a boundary between Europe and Asia and is internationally significant for oil, commercial and military trade. The strait is 19 miles long, 120-408 feet deep, and has a maximum width of 2.3 miles. More than 48,000 vessels navigate the Bosphorus each year, about 132 per day. Common vessels passing through include general cargo ships, bulk carriers, chemical tankers, containerships, livestock carriers, and liquid petroleum gas carriers. But, because of the strait’s width and length, there are some vessel restrictions.

6. Strait of Hormuz

The Strait of Hormuz connects the Gulf of Oman with the Persian Gulf. It consists of two lanes that accommodate inbound and outbound traffic, and a two-mile buffer zone separates them. Hormuz is also a critical lane for oil transportation. In 2016, total oil flow increased to a record high of 18.5 million barrels per day — or, about 30 percent of the world’s total oil consumption. It’s delivered primarily to Asian markets such as China, Japan, India, South Korea and Singapore.

7. The Danish Straits

The Danish Straits are a system of three channels — the Oresund, the Great Belt and the Little Belt — that interlink the North Sea and Baltic Sea. The Great Belt is the widest channel and is the primary passage for large vessels. The Danish Straits are crucial for transporting oil between Russia and Europe. In fact, an estimated 3.2 million barrels per day of crude oil and petroleum products flowed through the Danish Straits in 2016.

8. Saint Lawrence Seaway

Considered the most important shipping lane in North America, the St. Lawrence Seaway connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Great Lakes. Together, the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River form the longest deep-draft navigation system in the world. It extends 2,300 miles into North America and directly serves Ontario, Quebec, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, New York and Pennsylvania. Every year, more than 350,000 pounds of raw materials, agricultural commodities and manufactured products travel this route. The amount of products flowing through make it a crucial network for commerce between the U.S., Canada and more than 59 overseas markets.